From mountain guns to missiles and drones: How India’s artillery evolved over nearly 200 years

India’s artillery has historically shaped warfare since the mid-14th century and continues to modernize today. Recent operations have demonstrated the effectiveness of long-range firepower against adversaries across different borders. The Regiment of Artillery has expanded in capabilities, introducing advanced systems such as the Pinaka and Dhanush. There is a focus on integrating Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance for more effective operations.