Pak’s first Hangor-class submarine arrives in Karachi: Why India is watching closely

Pakistan’s Navy welcomed its first Hangor-class submarine, a Chinese-derived vessel featuring advanced Air Independent Propulsion. This marks the start of an eight-submarine induction by 2028, significantly boosting Pakistan’s underwater fleet. Meanwhile, India’s submarine modernization faces delays, with plans for new vessels and AIP integration progressing slowly, though it still maintains a numerical advantage.